Green travel ideas from two environmentally conscious travelers

Driving is far less harmful than flying, but if you have your heart set on enjoying a vacation in Hawaii, the only way to get there, really, is to fly.

Unfortunately, though, there is no such thing as a green airline as yet, so its really a choice between the lesser of the evils.

To help you decide, ResponsibleShopper.org has come up with a report which ranks 11 major airlines on the basis of their recycling efforts.

The study, titled “What Goes Up Must Come Down, The Sorry State of Recycling in the Airline Industry” says that US airlines generate over 880 million pounds of waste annually - 75% of which could be recycled, but only 20% is.

Here’s the ranking:-
 1. Delta Airlines (B-)
 2. Virgin America (B-)
 3. Virgin Atlantic (C)
 4. Southwest Airlines (C)
 5. Continental Airlines (D)
 6. Jetblue (D)
 7. American Airlines (D)
 8. British Airways (D)
 9. Air Tran (D)
10. United Airlines (F)
11. US Airways (F)

You can download the full study here (registration required). You can also read more about how to reduce your flights’ environmental impact.

Going to a theme park? A water theme park like SeaWorld? Nice family-friendly attraction, get to fool around with goofy dolphins and cute seals, kids love it and all that.

But just like you don’t want to see how the sausage gets made, so it is with the dolphins in theme parks around the world. You don’t wanna know how they get there.

You can’t hide from it anymore, though, because The Cove just went mainstream with an Oscar nomination for best documentary, and you’ll be seeing and hearing a lot more about it in the weeks to come.

It’s not hard to fathom why, because Director Louie Psihoyos - with his 18 years of National Geographic experience, has put together a masterful graphic expose of the dolphin industry in Taiji, Japan. 23,000 dolphins are rounded up for being shipped to water parks, or slaughtered for meat.

What makes it even more arresting is that the entire film was made while trying to stay one step ahead of the local authorities and the fishermen, who wanted to keep the whole thing under wraps.

Let’s just say that once you see The Cove, it’ll be a bit harder to enjoy the pleasures of SeaWorld and other water parks. Just to clarify, theme parks in the US do not import dolphins - there’s a law against it.

But it does happen in other countries, and it’s hard to get past the disconnect between the disturbing imagery in The Cove and the frolicking fun in the theme parks.

One thing that might help is to verify that the water park or aquarium you’re visiting does not have any properties outside the US which deal with imported dolphins. It’s no more of a hassle than selecting an eco-friendly hotel, and it will help you enjoy the theme park without any guilt.

Christmas is right around the corner (I know, I know, it’s not even Thanksgiving yet!). But it’s never too early to start preparing for an eco-friendly Christmas. That’s right, a truly green Christmas that’s fun and responsible - you can admire your Christmas lights guilt-free while sipping your eggnog. Here are some ideas for how you can implement some green strategies into your holiday celebrations this year. Some of them were inspired by an article by Jennifer on Tree Hugging Family.

1. Buy a Real Tree or Keep your Fake One

Real Christmas trees are generally more environmentally responsible than fake ones. Fake ones are often make of plastics that take a long time to biodegradable and which contain harmful chemicals and toxins. Real trees can be used and then recycled easily, and you get the lovely smell of fresh pine in your home as well. Or, if you have a fake tree already, just keep using it again and again instead of buying a new one every few years.

2. Buy Eco-Friendly Ornaments or Make Your Own

There are quite a few companies nowadays offering green ornaments - you can purchase them online and have them quickly shipped to your house. If you have trouble finding them, though, you can make your own, too!

Green Eyed Frog

Nigel’s Eco Store

Make Your Own

3. Buy Eco-Friendly Christmas Lights

When if comes to energy usage, less is definitely more. Luckily, you can now find environmentally-friendly LED Christmas lights in most stores.

4. Send Eco-Friendly Holiday Greeting Cards

Emailed Christmas cards might be the most environmentally friendly, but they probably come up a little short in the sentimentality department. Purchasing green holiday greeting cards is pretty easy these days though - look for them at your local card shop or online.

Photo: scottfeldstein

Back from an all-too-long hiatus, and I wanted to recommend a new site that really ties into a lot of things we’ve tried to do with SimpleGreenChoices. It’s WholeTravel, a new website that’s trying to integrate environmental criteria into travelers’ decision-making process. For example, check out this page devoted to the Lapa Rios Eco Lodge in Puntarenas, Costa Rica. There is an overview of the property as a whole, as well as a list of amenities, while there’s a whole separate section listing the hotel’s sustainability practices. If the biggest hurdle to making more environmentally-friendly travel decisions is lack of information, then this site could be a big part of the solution.

WholeTravel is starting mainly with ecotourism properties in Central America and planning to build out from there. If anyone reading this post owns a hotel/resort/accommodation that fits the Whole Travel profile, you can send them an e-mail requesting a self-evaluation questionnaire and start the process of getting listed on their site.

The question at hand is: if I’m an environmentally conscious traveler, should I stay at a Hilton or a Marriott? Just to remind you that the idea here is that as a traveler, you wield an considerable amount of power with your wallet, so how should you use that power if you want to choose based on environmental issues?

(Before I get into the meat of this post, let me offer a disclaimer. I cannot possibly know all of the environmental initiatives and programs going on at each hotel. I also cannot measure what the hotels’ baselines are in terms of energy use, water use, pollution, etc. I cannot tell you whether one hotel has followed through on their environmental initiatives and the other hasn’t. I wish all that data were available at my fingertips, but it’s not. Until we have a lodging certification system that allows for consistent audits across all properties, we’ll never be able to measure hotels accurately against one another.

Well, you might ask: what do you know? What I know is what Hilton and Marriott have published on their website–their public commitments to environmental values and programs. I have to take them at their word that they are executing these programs, and I have to assume that we, the public, will hold them accountable. I would suggest that if you stay in a Marriott or a Hilton, ask about these programs and what the location you’re staying in has done with regard to them.

And please check out Hilton and Marriott’s webpages on environmental programs and stewardship on your own. See if you agree with my judgment.

Hilton
So, what is Hilton doing? Here is a boiled-down list of their main environmental initiatives.

• Nearly every Hilton hotel (including Hilton, Hilton Garden, DoubleTree, Hampton Inn, and Homewood Suites) participates in the “Green Program”–which means that guests are given the option of reusing towels. Apparently, this program saves 12 million gallons of fresh water annually.
• Hilton says that it implemented a “corporate-wide” initiative to retrofit rooms with CFL lightbulbs - reducing room wattage from 750 to 220 Watts. It’s unclear, though, how many rooms have been retrofitted, though, and from the numbers, it’s obvious that it does not incorporate every hotel–or even nearly that number.
• Hilton seems to have explored how an individual hotel’s recycling program could work and printed their findings in corporate manuals, but there is no mandate for any hotel manager to implement this program. Also, they are currently EXAMINING in-room recycling options (no action yet on the corporate level).
• The hotel chain has instituted HER (Hilton Environmental Reporting) system, which seems to be a piece of software that allows managers to benchmark their environmental performance and report to corporate. This system was instituted in 2004 and none of the information has been made public in any comprehensive way.
• In the UK and Ireland, Hilton Hotels get 100% of their electricity from renewable sources.
• In the UK and Ireland, Hilton initiated a 15,000-person strong task force to tackle environmental issues, which they say led to 780 specific actions. Unfortunately, none of these actions are named.
• In September 2003, 400 Hilton hotels across the world participated in Environmental Action Month, where each of the local branches did something to ameliorate its environmental impact, and they published examples on their website.
• In November, Hilton Garden Hotels (a subset of Hiltons) announced that they would be phasing out use of styrofoam cups in favor of paper and corn based “ecotainers.” They’re compostable, which begs the question: has Hilton instituted a composting program?
• Way back in the late 1990s, Hilton conducted an energy reduction program in 14 of their European hotels and since then “several more hotels were given the go-ahead for audit and improvement programmes.”

Bottom Line: In North America, Hilton’s main approach has been to allow individual properties and managers to take action on environmental issues if they so choose. It’s nice that they reuse linens and save freshwater, but there’s a lot more that can be done. The UK and Europe seem to be taking more action, but on the whole, count me unimpressed.

Marriott
What is Marriott doing about the environment? We saw earlier in the week that they have a high opinion of their efforts thus far, while also acknowledging there is a lot left to do:

• They have a BUZZWORD! ECHO (Environmentally Conscious Hospitality Operators) is the name they’ve given to their green initiatives.
• Headquarters Initiatives: they’ve replaced plastic utensils with spudware, given premium parking spaces to hybrid drivers, and made reusable mugs available. This feels pretty week.
• Their energy- and water-efficient laundry facility in Washington D.C. serves six locations and saves 3.5 million gallons of water annually just on its own! (Compared to 12 million gallons for Hilton’s whole towel reuse program.)
• They’re building the first LEED-certified hotel in Baltimore, a Fairfield Inn that will open in 2009. They built the chain’s first LEED-certified hotel in Adelphi, Maryland.
• The company has led a whole smorgasbord of energy- and resource-saving initiatives, including: replacing 4,500 outdoor signs with LED displays, replacing 450,000 light-bulbs with CFLs in 2006, saving 11-17 percent on their water usage through linen reuse programs, and installing 400,000 low-flow shower heads (which each save 10% on hot water use per year)
• 96% of Marriott’s hotels recycle in some form. Of course, there’s no quantification here, but it’s an area they say they’re working on. We’ll see.
• Most impressively, Marriott is a member of the EPA’s Climate Leaders program, and they’ve committed to reducing their energy use 6% per guest room in the period from 2005 to 2010. This is a modest but quantifiable step toward reducing energy use.
• Marriott has received more EnergySTAR labels than any other company (160) and for this, won the EPA’s 2007 Energy Star “Sustained Excellence” award.

Bottom Line: Many of Marriott’s environmental initiatives also rely on the actions of local property managers. However, Marriott has created incentive systems to award and highlight managers for their environmental iniatives. And on a corporate level, they are taking MEASURABLE steps toward reducing their energy and water use. Next step: waste reduction. We’ll see how they do there.

The winnner is… MARRIOTT

The result here isn’t in doubt. If you want to make the Hilton/Marriott decision based on environmental factors, choose Marriott. Based on the information available, there is no doubt in my mind that Marriott has more active and committed programs to reduce their environmental impact. They’ve also worked to earn many more EPA endorsements for their efforts than Hilton. To be frank, though, I’d like to see both of these chains take a more integrated approach to their environmental impact.

Have you had an experience at a Marriott or Hilton that you’d like to share? Please comment or send us an e-mail at simplegreenchoices@gmail.com.

I’ve seen an angle in the media playing out over and over again in the past few months. Companies’ internal research departments, independent polling agencies, industry-wide panels, and consumers themselves are all citing the same “struggle”: customers like to think they’re environmentally conscious, but when the rubber hits the road, they’re not willing to pay more. The studies are coming out in the paper industry, home construction and remodeling, and, of course, travel–in a study we cited a few weeks back.

I see these stories and the attitude they engender as a real threat to progress. Reading this news produces the very sort of throw-up-your-hands, “why bother because nobody else does” response in consumers that reinforces the status quo.

As I see it, there are two ways to combat this bluster:

1) walk the walk
2) talk the talk

I talked about point #1 a bit a few weeks ago when I addressed this same issue. We need to make decisions that are consistent with our values. The government is taking an increasingly laid-back attitude in regulating companies on environmental issues, so consumers have to dial up the pressure and hold companies to account. You can do this in your everyday lives by making decisions that those companies feel on their bottom line: buy carbon offsets (I’ll have more on that later), rent hybrids, purchase cleaning products from a company that uses non-toxic ingredients, etc.

You get the point. I don’t need to beat that drum any more.

But almost as important as “walking the walk” is “talking the talk”–letting companies and their customer representatives know that you’re judging them based on their environmental performance. On a trip, try having the following conversations:

At the Rental Car Agency:
“I’m sorry, sir, we’re all out of compact cars, so we’re going to upgrade you to a gas-guzzling tank.”
“Actually, that’s not acceptable. I refuse to drive a truck that gets 5 miles per gallon. Either you find me a car that gets 30 miles per gallon or I’m going to walk over to the competitor’s office.”
“Well, we could downgrade you to a subcompact car.”
“That would be fine, but I really wish you had a hybrid for me to rent. If you’re always selling out of your Priuses, maybe you should consider getting more for your fleet.”

At the Hotel:
“What seems to be the matter, sir?”
“Well, the room is comfortable and the service has been great, but I’m concerned about the fact that this hotel isn’t serious about its environmental program.”
“Sir, well, I’m sure you saw that brochure in your room about everything that this hotel is doing to minimize it’s environmental impact.”
“Yes, I see that if I hang my towels back up, you don’t wash them. I appreciate that. Except that you’re wasting TONS of electricity by not switching over to compact fluourescent lightbulbs, and I haven’t been able to find a recycling bin anywhere in the hallway. Plus, you drop the USA Today at my door every morning when I have no intention of reading it.”
“I’m sorry, sir. Is there anything I can do to make your experience more pleasant.”
“Well, you could go back and get your manager, so I can explain all of this to her.”

On the Phone with the Golf Course:
“I’d like to get a tee time for this afternoon, but before I book anything, I’d like to know more about your environmental practices.”
“What? You must be joking…”
“No, I’m serious. Do you use any pesticides on the course? If so, which ones? And what kind of water use does the course require? Have you done anything to conserve water in recent years? Also, have you given any thought to wildlife habitats?”
“Sir, I don’t see what this has to do with…”
“With booking a tee time? Well, if you can answer these questions, I’ll book a tee time. If not, I’ll find another course to play at. Thanks.”

OK, so I realize that some of these conversations might be kind of confrontational, so if that’s not your style, try something a bit more subtle. For instance, when you get to the golf course to play your round, ask the pro what kind of environmental practices they use. Even if you don’t threaten to leave, you’ll learn something about the environmental impact of golf, and you’ll plant the notion in the pro’s head that some golfers DO care about the environment.

I suggest that we all speak up and talk about the environment on our next vacation. If enough of us communicate that the environment matters to us, then it will start to matter a whole lot more to the hotels, airlines, rental agencies, and other service providers we’re doing business with.

So, this month’s Travel & Leisure discusses the issue of whether it creates more greenhouse gases to drive, fly, or take a train. Their conclusion: train is by far the most eco-friendly solution and driving actually produces more emissions to travel the same distance than flying.

T&L’s data came from TerraPass, and without disputing their math (which isn’t laid out), I would say that there are a couple of factors left out of their analysis. For one, they ignore the NUMBER of people who will be driving versus flying. What I mean is that if you have a family of four, it is actually more efficient to drive to your destination than to fly. The reason is that the airplane emissions are on a per-person basis and calculated on plane capacity average plane fuel efficiency, etc.–whereas car emissions are for the vehicle and will not change much if you’re driving alone or if your traveling as a family.

Another factor that T&L conveniently ignores is the factor of fuel efficiency for different vehicles - from SUVs to sedans to hybrids. This obviously has an important effect on the desirability of flying versus driving.

We like to take a more nuanced approach, and so we’ve analyzed figures from the Department of the Environment in Britain which does a has done a more detailed job of comparing different modes of transportation, so we will use their figures and extrapolate from them.

The following are average figures for the amount of pounds of CO₂ per mile released into the atmosphere for each type of transportation:

Total Emissions Per Vehicle
SUV (15mpg) – 2.29 lbs/mi
Average Car (25 mpg) – 1.39 lbs/mi
Prius (55 mpg) - .61 lbs/mi
Motorcycle - .57 lbs/mi
RV – 4.58 lbs/mi

Total Emissions Per Person
Average Car/Single Driver – 1.39 lbs/mi
Average Car/Family of 4 - .34 lbs/mi
Train - .32 lbs/mi
Bus - .48 lbs/mi
Plane (250 mi trip) - .85 lbs/mi**
Plane (600 mi) - .69 lbs/mi**
Plane (3500 mi) - .56 lbs/mi**

Bottom Line:
If you have a choice of how to travel, buses and trains have the fewest carbon emissions. Planes and cars are less favorable options, and which one is more efficient depends on how many people you are traveling with and what car you would drive. A family of four would be better off driving than flying, whereas an individual might actually save emissions by flying.

**One other note: these emissions figures, which are taken from the UK’s DEFRA, do not take into account that emissions from planes have been shown to have a greater warming effect than emissions from land-based transportation. This further cements air travel as the most-polluting form of transport and means that ground transportation is nearly always preferable to flying.

The New Oxford American Dictionary’s word of the year for 2006 was “carbon-neutral,” which gives you some sense of the fad that is carbon offsets. With the success of Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth, there is a rising wave of guilt about the carbon dioxide that we each produce in the course of our daily lives, and carbon offsets gave us a way to erase that CO₂ along with the guilt. “Carbon-neutral” is just a cooler, sexier, trendier way of communicating the same “guilt-free” consumer mentality that American culture is known for – e.g. “fat-free,” “low-cal,” etc.Well, the truth is, carbon offsets like those that TerraPass sells are a lot more complicated than all that. The principle behind an offset is that to compensate for your own carbon dioxide emissions, you buy a share in a project that is actively reducing carbon emissions somewhere in the world – including renewable energy projects, reforestation schemes, bio fuel production, and anything else that might be a carbon sink or prevent carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. We recognize the value of these carbon offsets while also acknowledging their limitations:

Carbon Offset Pros:

• In cases where emissions are inevitable, offsets provide a way to do something to remediate the effects.
• Offsets are a source of investment for renewable energy and other projects to mitigate climate change, therefore filling the void that some governments have left by not stepping in to regulate and/or limit carbon dioxide emissions.
• In many cases, offsets are a catalyst for change in the developing world, where renewable energy projects funded by the developed world could be the basis of a sustainable growth and development curve going forward.

Carbon Offset Cons:

• Buying offsets makes people feel that it’s okay to pollute if they simply compensate for their actions by buying credits.
• Offsets are unlikely to be as effective and permanent in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as we are in emitting the carbon dioxide to begin with.
• The industry is almost completely unregulated and therefore largely not held accountable for the emissions promises it makes.

Our Bottom Line: Although we support the idea of purchasing offsets from a reputable company to mitigate inevitable carbon emissions, we think that the term “carbon-neutral” is misleading, because it lends too much credit to the effectiveness of the nascent carbon offset industry. It also takes attention away from non-global warming related environmental issues and what we can do individually to reduce our impact and need for offsets. Carbon offsets should be used in combination with the other environmentally responsible travel practices like selecting an environmentally-friendly hotel or choosing an environmentally-friendly destination, not as an indulgence that can be bought to pardon all of our environmental sins.

By now, the environmental sins of bottled water have been well-documented. Bottled water is a luxury good in the developed world, where we can drink water that’s just as good (if not better) right out of the tap. Plus, only about one-fourth of the plastic bottles that we consume in this country actually get recycled. And the petroleum that we use to produce the PET bottle plastics is derived from petroleum.

All in all, plastics are a dirty material, mainly because they never biodegrade, so unless we recycle it, the plastic we produce could well fester in a landfill or float on the surface of the ocean for generations… possibly forever. Charles Moore is well known for his research on the floating plastic in the oceans, mainly because he found a persistent area of floating plastic the size of Texas out in the North Pacific Ocean.

The bottom line? We need to find ways to curb our consumption of plastic, and unfortunately, one of the times we feel we can’t avoid consuming beverages in plastic bottles is when we’re traveling. Here are a couple of tricks to avoid plastic bottles entirely:

1) When flying, bring an empty plastic bottle or Nalgene through security and fill it up at a water fountain inside security. As long as you’re not transporting any liquids at all, you are unlikely to run afoul of security. Aluminium bottles are an even more stylish choice of container.

2) When traveling to a country where you can’t drink the water straight out of the tap, consider bringing a purifying system instead of drinking bottled water. Obviously, this is more practical in Russia than, say, Bangladesh, but if you bring your MSR purification system (a filter alone is not sufficient to kill viruses - for that you need chlorine), you should be able to make the drinking water potable in most situations. Consult the manufacturer to confirm that your choice of purification systems kills all the local critters you’ll be exposed to.

(Thanks to the folks at Lonely Planet for this second tip!)

Whereas the environmental impact of transportation is fairly clear-cut, other travel decisions can be significantly more fuzzy. Lodging is a good example. What is it that makes a hotel environmentally friendly? Sure, it’s great to give guests the option of reusing towels, but what else should hotels be doing to minimize their impact? And how can you pick a hotel that is genuinely minimizing their environmental impact?

The first thing to look for is whether a hotel in your destination has been certified by a Green Lodging organization. Although there is not a universal standard for hotel certification, there are several smaller organizations that certify hotels on a regional basis. Below are a few of the organizations to try first:

• Green Globe (International)
• Terra Choice (U.S. and Canada)
• Green Seal (U.S. only)
• Rainforest Alliance (Caribbean and Latin America)
• Orbitz (Mostly domestic)

Once you’ve exhausted these organizations, you have a couple of options. First of all, you could try booking hotel chains that have made a public commitment to environmental practices, such as Hilton. Motel 6 has even professed to be “born-again” green, but as with all non-certified properties, you should ask what they are really doing beyond the bare minimum to reduce their energy and waste streams.

Finally, your last resort is to book your lodging independently and do your own research. “Research” means calling your top contenders and asking some hard questions. In an interview with MSN, Ronald Sanabria, the director of sustainable tourism for the Rainforest Alliance in Costa Rica, suggests the following questions:

How does your property contribute to the local community?

• What is your property doing to conserve energy and water?
• What does your property do to minimize waste and its impact on the community?
• How does your property promote sustainable travel?

Finally, if you’re staying in a lodge that claims to be an eco-tourist retreat and is located in an environmentally important or sensitive area, it’s especially important that you do your due diligence and make sure that they’re living up to their “eco-tourist” label, because if they don’t, they may be doing serious damage to the ecosystem and the local communities. ResponsibleTravel.com has a list of 10 additional questions to ask, including how many locals (including guides) the facility employs and what education programs they have on local ecology and culture, among others.